MCQ ON SOIL SCIENCE- PART 1

MCQ ON SOIL SCIENCE- PART 1
The MCQs are especially compiled for ICAR, ARS, IARI Ph.D and other competitive exams based on previous 10-years questions from these exams. Many of these questions are asked during previous exams. These MCQs are also useful for IBPS Specialist officer/Agriculture officer.

1. What would be the concentration of nutrients in plants when they are suffering from hidden hunger?
A. Above profitable yield zone
B. Below profitable yield zone
C. Above deficiency symptom zone
D. Below deficiency symptom zone
E. Both B & C
Ans. E
2. Hue denotes:
A. Dominant spectrum
B. Lightness or brightness
C. Purity
D. Intensity
Ans. A
3. Pedology considers soil as a:
A. Natural body
B. Purely a synthesized one
C. Medium for plant growth
D. Powdery rock mass of the earth’s crust
Ans. A
4. A branch of science that deals with the study of origin of the soil, its classification and description is called as:
A. Pedology
B. Ecology
C. Geology
D. Edaphology
Ans. A
5. Phosphorus uptake in alkali soil takes place in the form of:
A. H2PO4–
B. HPO42–
C. PO43–
D. H3PO4
Ans. C
6. Which fertilizer produce acidity in soil?
A. Ammonium sulfate
B. Sodium nitrate
C. Calcium ammonium nitrate
D. Calcium nitrate
Ans. A
7. Maximum N content found in which of the “N fertilizer”?
A. Urea
B. Anhydrous ammonia
C. Sodium nitrate
D. Ammonium sulphate
Ans. B
8. Urea hydrolysis in the soil produces:
A. Uric acid
B. Ammonium carbonate
C. Amides
D. None of these
Ans. B
9. Rock phosphate has how much percentage of P2O5
A. 10-20%
B. 20-40%
C. 30-50 %
D. 20-30%
Ans. B
10. Which of the following group of microbes increase phosphate solubility?
A. Rhizobium
B. Azotobacter
C. Clostridium
D. Pseudomonas
Ans. D
11. The conversion factor for calculating P from P2O5:
A. P2O5 x 2.29
B. P x 0.44
C. P x 2.29
D. P2O5 x 0.44
Ans. D
12. The phenomenon slickenside found in which of the following soil?
A. Inceptisol
B. Vertisol
C. Gelisol
D. Spodosol
Ans. B

Read… SOIL TYPES IN INDIA: FEATURES

13. Which organic fraction not soluble in both acid and alkali?
A. Fulvic
B. Humic
C. Humin
D. All of the above
Ans. C

Read… HUMUS MEANING- COMPOSITION & BENEFITS

14. In munsell colour chart hue 10 represents as:
A. Red
B. Black
C. Grey
D. Yellow
Ans. D
15. pF scale for Field capacity is:
A. 2
B. 2.5
C. 3.5
D. 4.5
Ans. B
16. Available water held between:
A. Saturation to wilting point
B. Field capacity to hygroscopic coefficient
C. Only field capacity
D. Field capacity to wilting point
Ans. D
17. Water use efficiency refers to:
A. Ratio of net irrigation to gross irrigation including other losses
B. Ratio of water used by the crop to the irrigation water applied
C. Economic yield per unit of irrigation water applied
D. Dry matter produced per unit of water used by the crop
Ans. D
18. Soil colloidal particle shows the which of the following phenomena?
A. Plasticity
B. Adhesion and cohesion
C. Flocculation
D. All of the above
Ans. D
19. Soil amendment used to reclaim USAR (Barren) land is known as:
A. Calcium sulphate
B. Sodium sulphate
C. Potassium sulphate
D. Calcium carbonate
Ans. A
20. The central cation on silica tetrahedron:
A. Al3+
B. Si4+
C. Fe2+
D. None of the above
Ans. B
21. Chlorites are basically silicates of:
A. Magnesium with some Iron and Aluminum
B. Iron with some magnesium and Aluminum
C. Aluminum with some Iron and Magnesium
D. Iron and Aluminum
Ans. A
22. Silica-sesquioxide is useful in the evaluation of soil in respect of:
A. Iron & Aluminum content
B. Nutrient availability
C. Silicon content
D. Its age
Ans. A
23. Which plant is used for indication of permanent wilting point?
A. Safflower
B. Sunflower
C. Marigold
D. Both A and C
Ans. B
24. Mica is which of the following type of clay mineral?
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
C. 2:1:1
D. None of the above
Ans. B
25. Hydrogen bond found in which clay mineral?
A. Kaolinite
B. Montmorillonite
C. Vermiculite
D. Beidelite
Ans. A
26. Base saturation in lateritic soil:
A. < 40 %
B. > 40%
C. < 20%
D. > 20%
Ans. B
27. Immobilization of Sulphur occur in soil when C:S ratio is?
A. < 300:1
B. > 300:1
C. > 400:1
D. > 200:1
Ans. C
28. Immobilization of Sulphur takes place when the “S” content of organic matter is less than:
A. 0.60%
B. 0.45%
C. 0.30%
D. 0.15%
Ans. D
29. What is the content of organic matter in the Alluvial soil?
A. 0.34-0.77
B. 0.10-0.27
C. 3.40-6.23
D. 3.22-4.57
Ans. A
30. Denitrification is a process of:
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Hydration
D. Carbonation
Ans. B
31. Which of the following Microorganism is involved in conversion from nitrite to nitrate?
A. Nitrosomonas
B. Nitrobacter
C. Pseudomonas
D. Bacillus
Ans. B
32. Thiourea is type of fertilizer:
A. Slow release
B. Nitrification inhibitors
C. Natural nitrification inhibitors
D. Artificial nitrification inhibitors
Ans. D
33. Which one of the following fertilizers is least hygroscopic?
A. Urea
B. Ammonium sulphate
C. Diammonium phosphate
D. Calcium ammonium nitrate
Ans. C
34. Chemical formula of thiourea is?
A. CO(NH2)2
B. SC(NH2)2
C. HCN
D. None of the above
Ans. B
35. N content in thiourea is:
A. 46%
B. 36.8%
C. 22.5%
D. 33%
Ans. B
36. Quantity of soil to be taken for texture analysis:
A. 10g
B. 20g
C. 30g
D. 40g
Ans. B
37. The K2O content in Illite varied between:
A. 6 to 10%
B. 2 to 4%
C. 10 to 15%
D. 33%
Ans. A
38. The microorganism lies below < 10°C is called?
A. Psychrophiles
B. Mesophiles
C. Thermophiles
D. None of the above
Ans. A
39. Thermophile’s organism lies in temperature:
A. > 45°C
B. > 25°C
C. < 45°C
D. < 25°C
Ans. A
40. Optimum temperature for mesophile:
A. 10-20°C
B. 20-40°C
C. 40-60°C
D. 15-20°C
Ans. B
41. Which organism derive their energy from oxidation of complex organic compound?
A. Heterotrophs
B. Autotrophs
C. Chemotrophs
D. Lithotrophs
Ans. A
42. Organism utilize carbon from CO2 for their cellular synthesis?
A. Heterotrophs
B. Chemotrophs
C. Autotrophs
D. None of the above
Ans. C
43. Most of the soil organism is:
A. Psychrophiles
B. Mesophiles
C. Thermophiles
D. All of the above
Ans. B
44. In which type of soil optimum growth of bacteria occurs?
A. Acidic
B. Alkali
C. Neutral to slightly alkaline
D. Slightly acidic to neutral
Ans. C
45. Which one of the following is the principal N-fixing Algae community of Blue green Algae?
A. Rhizobia
B. Anabaena
C. Azotobacter
D. Azospirillum
Ans. B
46. In soil science micelle stands for:
A. Colloidal particle carrying positive charge
B. Colloidal particle carrying negative charge
C. Micropores between textural particles
D. Negatively charged silt particles with high CEC
Ans. D
47. Fungi growth optimum in pH ranges:
A. 2.5-4.5
B. 4.5-6.5
C. 6.5-7.5
D. 7.5-8.5
Ans. B
48. Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for maximum nutrient cycling in the soil?
A. Bacteria
B. Actinomycetes
C. Fungi
D. Algae
Ans. C
49. Which of the following microorganism present in large quantities in soil?
A. Protozoa
B. Algae
C. Fungi
D. Bacteria
Ans. D
50. Actinomycetes prefer which condition for their growth?
A. Slightly alkaline
B. Alkali
C. Acidic
D. Neutral
Ans. A
51. Near the canal banks soil becomes:
A. Alkaline
B. Acidic
C. Neutral
D. Well drained
Ans. A
52. Aroma of earthy smell in first shower of monsoon is due to?
A. Actinomycetes
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. None of the above
Ans. A
53. Which genera of bacteria found maximum in soil?
A. Azotobacter
B. Pseudomonas
C. Bacillus
D. All of the above
Ans. C
54. Rhizobium is an _____ organism
A. Heterotrophs anaerobic
B. Heterotrophs aerobic
C. Autotrophs anaerobic
D. Autotrophs aerobic
Ans. B
55. Which nutrient influence the nodule formation and nitrogen fixation in soil?
A. pH
B. N
C. P
D. All of the above
Ans. D
56. Nitrification process ceases at pH:
A. < 5
B. < 6
C. < 4
D. < 7
Ans. A
57. Denitrification mostly takes place in _____
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Both
D. None of the above
Ans. B
58. Nitrification rapid in _____ season.
A. Winter
B. Rainy
C. Summer
D. All of the above
Ans. C
59. The peak microbial population was observed in soil generally after addition of residue of:
A. 3-4 week
B. 2-3 week
C. 3-4 days
D. 1-2 week
Ans. D
60. For mineralization of P optimum ratio of C:N:P should be?
A. 100:10:1
B. 50:10:1
C. 80:10:1
D. 30:10:1
Ans. A
61. Ammonia volatilization is purely___________ process.
A. Physical
B. Chemical
C. Biological
D. None of the above
Ans. B
62. The group of organisms which convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrites to nitrates are respectively:
A. Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter
B. Pseudomonas, Azotobacter
C. Azospirillum, Anthracis
D. Streptomyces, bacillus
Ans. A
63. Which element suppressed Downey mildew of pear millets?
A. Chloride
B. Fluoride
C. Bromide
D. Lithium
Ans. A
64. Improper development of wheat inflorescence is due to deficiency of?
A. Molybdenum
B. Boron
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Ans. B
65. Which one of the following minerals is the main source of Boron in soil?
A. Pyrolusite
B. Tourmaline
C. Hematite
D. Hemimorphite
Ans. B
66. Organic matter obtained:
A. OC x 1.724
B. OC x 2.24
C. OC x 1.55
D. OC x 1.64
Ans. A
67. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is measured by?
A. Pycnometer
B. Tensiometer
C. Amoozemeter
D. Hydrometer
Ans. C

68. Hydraulic conductivity is varying directly with which of the following?
A. Capillary porosity
B. Water holding capacity
C. Non-capillary porosity
D. Total porosity
Ans. C
69. Hydraulic conductivity is found to decrease in the following order:
A. K – soil > Ca – soil > Na – soil
B. Na – soil > K – soil > Ca – soil
C. Ca – soil < K – soil < Na – soil
D. Ca – soil > K – soil > Na – soil
Ans. D
70. Choose the correct group of plant nutrients which act as energy exchangers:
A. K, Na, Ca & Mg
B. H & O
C. C, N, P & S
D. Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, B & Zn
Ans. B
71. Which chemical compound is used for improve soil aeration, infiltration and water holding capacity of soil?
A. Jalshakti
B. Fentachlore
C. Hydrotech
D. None of the above
Ans. A

72. Reddish colour in muriate of potash is due to?
A. KCl
B. Colour reagent
C. Impurities
D. All of the above
Ans. C
73. Sulphate of potash is preferable over the Muriate of potash (MOP) in tobacco crop because:
A. The chlorine in MOP affects the burning quality of tobacco
B. The chlorine in MOP increases the nicotine content of tobacco
C. The application of MOP results in the luxury consumption of potassium
D. The sulphate ion helps in increasing the availability of other nutrients
Ans. A
74. Feldspars is primary mineral that occurs pre-dominantly in?
A. Igneous rock
B. Sedimentary rock
C. Metamorphic rocks
D. All of the above
Ans. A
75. CO2 content in rainwater is?
A. 0.35%
B. 0.45%
C. 0.25%
D. 0.15%
Ans. B
76. At which point resistant to wind erosion in soil?
A. Permanent wilting point
B. Hygroscopic point
C. Field capacity
D. None of the above
Ans. A
77. Bedrock is absent in which of the following soil?
A. Black soil
B. Red soil
C. Alluvial soil
D. Forest soil
Ans. C
78. Saline soil is also known as?
A. Solon chalk
B. Solonetz
C. Sodo chalk
D. None of the above
Ans. A
79. Which one of the following soils is best for soil cultivation?
A. Sandy
B. Sandy loam
C. Clay loam
D. Clay
Ans. B
80. Diara lands are:
A. Area flooded by sea
B. Area created by sand storms
C. Area on both sides of canal
D. Area located on either side of river which get flooded every year
Ans. D
81. Kari is the local name of?
A. Acid soil
B. Saline soil
C. Acid sulfate soil
D. Alkali soil
Ans. C
82. The honey-comb structure found in which of the following soil?
A. Alluvial soil
B. Black soil
C. Saline soil
D. Laterite soil
Ans. D
83. Which soil occur mainly a soil crust problem?
A. Sandy soil
B. Silty clay loam
C. Loamy soil
D. Clayey soil
Ans. B
84. Red colour of soil is due to which of the following?
A. Hematite
B. Geothite
C. Glauconite
D. Maghemite
Ans. A
85. Black colour of soil is due to which of the following?
A. Titaniferous magnetite
B. Geothite
C. Glauconite
D. Organic matter
Ans. A
86. Total soil order found in world?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12
Ans. D
87. Flow of nitrogen in soil mainly due to?
A. Mass flow
B. Diffusion
C. Interception
D. None of the above
Ans A
88. Micro-nutrient flow is mainly a _____ process in soil.
A. Mass flow
B. Diffusion
C. Interception
D. None of the above
Ans. B
89. When organic matter added into the soil, effect on bulk density?
A. Increased
B. No effect
C. Decreased
D. Both A and C
Ans. C
90. Which factor is more responsible for black colour in kanhar (Vertisol) soil?
A. Hematite
B. Titaniferous magnetite
C. Geotite
D. Organic matter
Ans. B
91. Which factor is responsible for red colour in bhata (Entisol) soil?
A. Hematite
B. Geotite
C. Maghemite
D. Gibbsite
Ans. A
92. Yellow colour appear due to hydration of hematite found in which soil?
A. Bhata (Entisol)
B. Dorsa (Alfisol)
C. Matasi (Inceptisol)
D. Kanhar (Vertisol)
Ans. C
93. Which Soil order is newly identified in Chhattisgarh?
A. Entisol
B. Mollisol
C. Inceptisol
D. Vertisoil
Ans. B
94. Which soil has low water and nutrient holding capacity of Chhattisgarh?
A. Bhata
B. Matasi
C. Dorsa
D. Kanhar
Ans. A
95. Bhata soil is also known as _____
A. Clayey
B. Clay loam
C. Gravely
D. Sandy loam
Ans. C
96. Matasi soil is also known as _____
A. Clayey
B. Clay loam
C. Gravely
D. Sandy loam
Ans. D
97. Dorsa soil is also known as _____
A. Clayey
B. Clay loam
C. Gravely
D. Sandy loam
Ans. B
98. Kanhar soil is also known as _____
A. Clayey
B. Clay loam
C. Gravely
D. Sandy loam
Ans. A
99. Which soil covers maximum area in Chhattisgarh?
A. Bhata
B. Matasi
C. Dorsa
D. Kanhar
Ans. A
100. Kanhar soil covers area in Chhattisgarh of total area
A. 12%
B. 21%
C. 39%
D. 27%
Ans. B
101. Total soil order found in India:
A. 13
B. 5
C. 9
D. 12
Ans. C

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