Agriculture One Liner (Part-4)

Agriculture One Liner (Part-4)

1. The chain of metabolic events that brings about disease is- Pathogenesis, while the relative capability of a pathogen to cause disease is- Pathogenicity.
2. Establishment of pathogen after penetration and has host parasitic relationship is called Infection, part of pathogen which on contact can cause infection in the host is called Inoculum, the penetration and spread of a pathogen in the host is called- Invasion.
3. The period of time between penetration of a pathogen to the host and the first appearance of symptom on the plant is called– Incubation period.
4. The sum total of all symptoms and signs is- Syndrome.
5. Endemic– When a disease is more or less constantly present from year to year in moderate to severe form confined to a particular country, district or location.
6. Epidemic disease- occurs widely in severe on occasions but periodically.
7. Pandemic- when a disease prevalent throughout the country, continent or the world.
8. Sporadic- occur at very irregular intervals and locations.
9. Reclamation disease, occurring chiefly on newly reclaimed peat land and characterized by chlorotic leaf tip and failure to set seeds is caused due to the deficiency of- Cu.
10. The first bacterial disease in plants discovered is- Fire blight of pear.
11. Pahala blight of sugarcane is caused due to deficiency of- Mn.
12. Under water logged condition, the nutrient shows deficiency symptoms in crops are- Cu & Zn.
    Read  also…ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS-DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
    

13. Late blight of potato (Most dangerous disease of potato) destroys the potato crop of Ireland in 1845, is caused by- Oomycetes Phytophthora infestans (oomycetes are fungus like organisms also called water molds, but they are not true fungi).
14. Systemic fungicides are discovered by- Van schmeling and Kulka (1966).

15. Bunchy top of banana is caused by- Virus.
16. The largest single group of plant viruses (generally viruses are composed of Nucleic acid and protein) family is- Potyviridae.

17. The degree of infectivity of a given pathogen is called- Virulence.
18. Virion- It consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat called Capsid.
19. Grassy shoot disease of sugarcane is caused by- Mycoplasma.
20. Mycoplasma is sensitive to- Tetracycline.

21. Kresek (check for wilting and yellowing of leaves or wilting of seedlings) in rice is caused by- Xanthomonas oryzae.
22. Heart rot of sugar beet is caused due to the deficiency of– Boron.
    See…ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS-DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
23. Club root of cauliflower is caused by- Plasmodiophora brassicae (soil borne fungus).
24. Sheath blight of rice is caused by- Rhizoctonia solani.
25. Downey mildew of pearl millet is suppressed by- Chlorine.
26. Vector of leaf curl disease in cotton is- White flies
27. Orobanche (Commonly known as Broomrapes) is a parasite associated with- Tobacco.
28. Agar or agar-agar is a jelly like substance commercially obtained from red algae is a mixture of polysaccharide agarose and agaropectin. Agar has been used as an ingredient in desserts throughout Asia, and also as a solid substrate to contain culture media for biological work.
29. The part of tobacco plant which synthesizes nicotine- Root.
30. Akiochi disease is due to- Sulphur toxicity (it reduces nutrient uptake of plants by reducing root respiration, associated with low iron soils).
31. The oil-cake, in addition to its manurial value also acts as nitrification inhibitor- Neem.
32. White rust or white blister of crucifers is caused by- Oomycete Albugo candida (Dispersal and infection are favored in cool and humid condition in spring and autmn, dispersal is mainly done by wind and water).
33. Ufra disease in rice is caused by- Ditylenchus angustus (Rice stem Nematode).
34. The incidence of blast disease can be reduced by application of- Silicon in rice field.
35. ELISA (Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent Assay) test is mainly done for- Viral diseases.
36. The most common vector of plant viruses is- Aphids.
37. Whiptail of cauliflower is due to the deficiency of- Mo.
38. Vector of rice tungro virus is- Green leaf hopper.
39. Loose smut disease of wheat also infects barley, rye is Internally seed Borne, caused by fungus- Ustilago tritici.
40. Mantek Disease of rice is caused by- Rice root nematode.
41. Yellow leaves of tea occur due to the deficiency of- Sulphur.
42. Die back (major disease of Rose in India) of shoots occur due to deficiency of- Copper.
43. Crop showing maximum resistance to nematode is- Marigold.
44. Antibiotics used to kill MLOs is- Tetracycline (it acts on ribosome).
45. Binomial system of nomenclature was given by- Linnaeus (in 10^th edition of his book Systema Nature, 1958). He is also known as father of zoological classification.
46. Father of plant pathology is- Anton de berry.
47. Father of mycology is- A. Micheli.
48. Life cycle of wheat rust is given by- C. Mehta.
49. Father of plant pathology and father of mycology in India, who wrote a book “fungi and diseases in plants”- J. Butler.
50. Top sickness of tobacco is caused by- Deficiency of boron.
51. The pathogen associated with the discovery of Bordeaux mixture (mixture of copper sulphate and quicklime used in vineyards, fruit-farms and garden to prevent infestation of powdery mildew, downy mildew and other fungi) is – Plasmosphora viticola.
52. The most effective fungicide for the control of powdery mildew- Sulphur fungicide or Dinocap (Karathane).
53. The effective new fungicide for the control of Oomycetous fungi is- Metalaxyl.
54. Late blight of potato was introduced in India for first-time in- Nilgiri hills.
55. Black heart of potato is caused by- Poor ventilation in storage (lack of oxygen).
56. The tundu disease of wheat (also known as yellow ear rot disorder) is usually associated with nematode known as Anguina tritici and bacteria Corynebacterium tritici.
57. Udabatta disease of rice is due to- Ephelis oryzae.
58. Ring rust of Aonla is caused by- Ravenellia emblica var. fructoidae.
59. Flag smut of wheat is caused by- Urouystis gramines.
60. Leaf curl disease of tobacco is caused by virus and it is transmitted by- White fly
61. Leaf blight of cotton is caused by- Alternaria macrospora.
62. Father of Nematology- Nathan Augustus Cobb.
63. Father of Microbiology- Louis Pasteur.
64. Bacterium was discovered by- Antony van Leeuwenhoek (first microscope was also developed by him).
65. Bacteria used in biological control- Pseudomonas fluorescens.
66. Father of modern Plant pathology (also discovered heteroecious nature of black rust fungi)- Anton de Berry.
67. Bordeaux mixture was developed by- M.A. Millardet.
68. Central Plant protection training institute is situated at- Hyderabad (AP).
69. First plant protection adviser to government of India- S. Pruthvi.
70. Integrated pest control term was coined by- Bartlett (1956).
71. The blood colour of insects is- Green with yellow.
72. Honeybees belongs to the order of- Hymenoptera.
73. Entomology word was taken from- Greek language.
74. Father of Insect Physiology is- Wiggelworth.
75. The first pesticide was discovered by- Millardet (1882).
76. DDT was discovered by- Zedler scientist.
77. First Insecticide discovered was- DDT.
78. Plant protection and quarantine Act was passed in the year of- 1912.
79. Insecticide act was passed in- 1968, while, destructive insect and Pest Act was passed in- 1914.
80. Maximum %age of insecticide is used in which crop- Cotton (54 %).
81. “Warfarin” is a rodenticide.
82. Bio pesticides are- NPV, GV, Bacillus thuringiensis etc.
83. Pest population should be kept below the- Economic Threshold level.
84. Very safest insecticide for honeybee- Endosulphon.
85. Rat poison is known as- Zinc phosphide.
86. Lead arsenate was first used in- 1832 by Moulton.
87. Overhead cost is known as- Fixed cost.
88. Price theory is a branch of- Micro- Economics.
89. Average cost is equal to- Total cost/Output.
90. Cost (may be cash and non-cash) which doesn’t change with level of output and also called sunk cost- Fixed cost.
91. Cost of variable inputs which vary with level of output and is always in cash, also known as Prime cost– Variable cost.
92. Opportunity cost is also known as- Alternative cost
93. The father of Economics is- Adam Smith.
94. Theory of profit was given by- Walker.
95. Modern theory of interest was given by- Hicks-Hansen.
96. Population theory was given by- Malthus.
97. Theory of inflation was given by- P. Lerner.
98. Theory of absolute advantage- Adam Smith.
99. Law of Diminishing return is also known as- Law of variable.
100. The most effective way to overcome the defects of agricultural marketing is- Regulating marketing.
101. Agricultural marketing (AGMARK) that indicates the purity and quality of agricultural products, act was enforced in a year- 1937.
102. National institute of agriculture marketing (NIAM), Jaipur was set up on- 8 August,1988.
103. Bureau of Indian standards (BIS)- This mark provides third party guarantee to the buyers that the goods are made in accordance with the provenance of Indian standards established on- 1^st April, 1987.
104. APEDA (Agricultural and processed food products export development authority) New Delhi, which enhance the export of processed agricultural products was setup in- Feb-1986.
105. NAFED (National agriculture co-operative marketing federation) New Delhi, is apex body of co-operative marketing for agriculture related products in India was setup in- 1958.
106. CACP (Commission on agricultural cost & price) which recommends the MSP, SSP and procurement price was setup in- 1965.
107. MSP (minimum support price) announced by gov. of India on the recommendation of CACP before sowing of crops in two seasons i.e., Rabi & Kharif.
108. Procurement price (PP)- announced by gov. of India on the recommendation of CACP before harvest of the crops.
109. Marginal farmers- having land holding less than 1 hac, Small farmers– 1-2 hac, Medium farmers– 4-10 hac, Large farmers– 10 hac or above.
     Read… TYPES OF FARMERS-GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
110. Input-Output relationship is also known as- Production function.
111. Those products, in which two products produced together are called- Joint product.
112. Dumping activity is seen under- Monopoly.
113. Export-Import bank of India was set up on- 1st January,1982.
114. Iso-product curve/Iso-quant- This curve shows combination of two inputs which have same output.
115. Indifference curve- It is a curve that shows combination of two commodities which derive equal satisfaction to the consumer.
116. IRDP (Integrated rural development programme) was stared in the year of- 2 Oct, 1980
117. When marginal production is zero, then total production is- Maximum.
118. KVK (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) also known as Farm science centre recommended by Mohan Singh Mehta Committee was stared in the year- 1974 (Puducherry).
119. Operational Research Project was stared in the year- 1974-75.
120. Lab to land programme was started in the year- 1 June1979.
121. National agriculture technology project was stared in the yea- 1998-99.
122. Community Development Programme was stared on- 2 oct, 1952.
123. National Extension Service (NES) was stared in the year of 1953
124. HYVP (High yielding variety programme) was started in the year- 1966
125. Marthendam programme was started by- Spencer Hatch in 1921.
126. Etawah Pilot project (Aim was Introducing intensive work on the Rural reconstruction front) was started by Mr. Albert Mayer in- September 1948.
127. Indian village Service was started in 1945 by Arther T. Mosher and Shri BN gupta.
128. National Agricultural Research project was launched in- Jan, 1979.
129. T&V system was evolved in 1973 by Israeli expert Daniel Benor At Turkey
130. Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) started in the year- 1979.
131. Father of extension is Leagnes, father of extension in India is N. Singh.
132. Sampoorna Grammeen Rojgar Yojna was started in the year- 1970.
133. FCI was started in- 1970.
134. FISCAL commission was appointed in- 1949.
135. Multiple Cropping Programming was Started in- 1966.
136. Group contact method is a group of 2-30 persons, examples are symposium, discussion, tour & field days, method demonstration, conference, school, seminar, Mass contact method is group of more than 30 persons, examples are bulletin, leaflet/booklet/folder, newspaper, journals, magazine, exhibition, television, radio, fairs, posters, cinema, drama.
137. Father of Extension- J Paul Leagons
138. father of Sociology- August Commte.

Read more…
Agriculture One Linear (Part-1)
Agriculture One Linear (Part-2)
Agriculture One Linear (Part-3)