Botany One Liner Part 2

Botany One Liner Part 2

1. The force or pressure within the cell exerted by fluid that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall is called- Turgor pressure.
2. Turgor pressure plays a key role in the opening and closing of stomatain leaves and also plays a significant role in the promotion of plant growth. The magnitude of turgor pressure is determined by- Water potential and osmotic potential.
3. Turgidity is the point at which the cell’s membrane pushes against the cell wall, which is when turgor pressure is high. When the cell has low turgor pressure, it is– Flaccid.
4. A modified form of asexual reproduction in which an egg or other cells associated with the egg (synergids, antipodals, nucellus and integuments) develop into an embryo without fertilization is called– Apomixis.
5. The plants formed by apomixis are called- Apomictic and are genetically identical to the– mother plant.
6. When an embryo arises from the unfertilized egg cell, it is called – Gametophytic apomixis (Here, the egg is produced without meiosis, therefore it is diploid).
7. When embryos are formed from the sporophytic tissues, such as nucellus or integument tissues, it is called– Sporophytic apomixis or adventitious embryony.
8. Nucellar embryony is seen in citrus and mango. In this case, nucellar cells of an ovule develop into embryos.
9. Examples of Apomictic seeds: Gramineae, Rosaceae, Compositae.
10. The phenomenon of having more than one embryo developed from a single fertilized egg or in a single seed” is called-Polyembryony (e.g., citrus, mango).
11. Polyembryony was first discovered by– Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1719) in citrus fruits and was confirmed later by– Schnarf (1929).
12. The natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilisation of ovules, which makes the fruit seedless is called– Parthenocarpy.
13. The length of day or light period in a 24-hour cycle required to induce flowering of long-day plants or to inhibit flowering of short-day plants– Critical day length.
14. The length of night or dark period in a 24-hour cycle required to inhibit flowering of long-day plants or to induce flowering of short-day plants– Critical dark period.
15. The response of plants to light direction– Photoperiodism.
16. The exposure of plants/seeds at low temperatures to stimulate flowering or to enhance seed production is called– Vernalization.
17. proteinaceous substance that acts as biological and organic catalystswhich alter the rate of chemical reactions that takes place in the living systems– Enzymes.
18. Those enzymes which are completely made up of proteins, e.g., pepsin, urease, trypsin etc. are called– Simple Protein Enzymes/Pure Enzymes.
19. Enzymes consist of both protein (called Apoenzyme) and non-protein part (called co-factor) are called- Conjugated Enzymes /Binding Enzymes.
20. Some enzymes don’t occur in the absence of substrate, e.g., Nitrate reductase (found in nodules of leguminous crops) called –Inducible enzymes.
21. Catalysts are such substances which increase the rate of chemical reaction and this process is called– Catalysis.
22. The enzymes catalyze the synthesis of different types of bonds, hence also named as synthetase. Such enzymes catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond– Ligases.
23. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.The word cell is derived from “cella”meaning “small room.” Cell was discovered by– Robert Hooke in 1665.
24. The study of cell is known as– cytology or cell biology.
25. The cell theory was given by- Matthias Jacob Schleiden and Theodore Schwann in 1839.
26. Who proposed the idea that all cells arise from pre-existing cells– Virchow (1885).
27. Cell is of two types, Eukaryotic (contains nucleus) and Prokaryotic cell (devoid of nucleus).
28. The size of majority of cell is 3-30 micron.
29. The part of cell presents inside the cell membrane and is the site of most photo chemical reaction occurs within a cell– Cytoplasm.
30. Nucleus was discovered by– Robert Brown in 1833.
31. Cell organelle which is spheroidal and densest organelle contains DNA that synthesizes ribosomal RNA– Nucleolus.
32. Nucleolus was discovered by- Fontana in 1781.
33. It is called power house of cell, because it produces energy currency ATP. It is the site of Krebs cycle (aerobic respiration), capability of some protein synthesis – Mitochondria.
34. The name Mitochondria was given by Benda in 1898 while identified by Altman in 1886.
35. The cell organelle which contains chloroplast essential for photosynthesis, contains stroma & grana where dark & light reaction occur– Plastids.
36. The main function of Leucoplast is– Storage of food.
37. The cell organelle which forms endoskeleton to provide shape of the cell and its membrane provides surface for increased metabolic reaction. Transmission of excitement in animals – Endoplasmic Reticulum.
38. Cell organelle originated from ER and they store, modify, package and condense the protein synthesized in the ribosome, also forms cell plate during cell division– Golgi body.
39. Cell organelle which at the time of mitosis produces astral rays– Centrosome.
40. Cell organelle mainly found in plants, takes part in fat metabolism– Spherosome.
41. All the components of a cell including cell membrane is called-protoplasm.

42. Protoplasm was named by– J.E. Purkinje.

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Botany One Linear Part 1