SYNAPSIS MEANING- PROCESS & FUNCTION
SYNAPSIS MEANING
Synapsis is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis. Later their segregation and possible chromosomal crossover between them are followed.
Some important points related to Event of Synapsis
- Each pair of homologous chromosome is called bivalent and is formed as a result of synapsis during Zygotene sub stage of prophase1 of meiosis.
- The intervening region of the chromosomes is connected by a protein RNA complex known as Synaptonemal complex which controls pairing. Synaptonemal complex is characteristic feature of Zygotene sub-stage of Prophase 1 during meiosis, discovered by Mosses.
- The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosome is called crossing over which is the cause of hereditary variation. This exchange produces a chiasma, a region that is shaped like an X, where the two chromosomes are physically joined. At least one chiasma per chromosome often appears to be necessary to stabilize bivalent along the metaphase plate during separation.
- Autosomes and Sex chromosomes also undergo synapsis.
- The event of synapsis does not occur in mitosis.
Thus the event of synapsis functions to control the homologous chromosomes together and it allows homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material through crossing over.
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